What condition is characterized by the loss of bone density?

The condition characterized by the loss of bone density is osteoporosis. This disease occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the removal of old bone, leading to a decrease in bone mass and density. As a result, the bones become weaker and more susceptible to fractures, even from minor falls or bumps. Osteoporosis is particularly common among older adults, especially postmenopausal women, due to changes in hormone levels that affect bone density.

In contrast, arthritis refers to inflammation of the joints and does not directly involve loss of bone density, though it can affect bone health over time. A fracture is a break in the bone and occurs as a result of weakened bones but does not describe a condition related to the loss of bone density itself. Bone spurs are bony projections that develop along the edges of bones and are not related to a systemic loss of bone density.