What term describes an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?

The term that describes an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is scoliosis. This condition involves a sideways curvature that typically occurs during the growth spurts just before puberty. While spinal curves are natural, in scoliosis, this curve is exaggerated beyond the normal angle. It can lead to various health issues, including back pain and, in severe cases, difficulties with lung and heart function due to reduced space in the thoracic cavity.

Kyphosis refers to an exaggerated forward rounding of the back, which is different from a lateral curvature. Lordosis refers to an inward curvature, typically of the lumbar spine, while hyperlordosis indicates an excessive degree of that normal inward curve. These terms describe specific types of spinal abnormalities but do not encompass the lateral aspect of scoliosis.